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Preface xv

How to Use This Book xvii

Acknowledgments xxi

About the Authors xxiii

Part I: Introduction 1

Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemical Engineering 27

1.1 A Brief History of Chemical Engineering 27
1.2 Types of Jobs Chemical Engineers Perform 30
1.3 Industries in Which Chemical Engineers Work 32
1.4 Sustainability 34
1.5 Ethics 48

Chapter 2: Introductory Concepts 53

2.1 Units of Measure 53
2.2 Unit Conversions 59
2.3 Equations and Units 65
2.4 Measurement Errors and Significant Figures 71
2.5 Validation of Results 77
2.6 Mass, Moles, and Density 79
2.7 Process Variables 99

Part II: Material Balances 149


Chapter 3: Material Balances 151

3.1 The Connection between a Process and Its Schematic 153
3.2 Introduction to Material Balances 158
3.3 A General Strategy for Solving Material Balance Problems 169
3.4 Material Balances for Single Unit Systems 188
3.5 Vectors and Matrices 212
3.6 Solving Systems of Linear Equations with MATLAB 214
3.7 Solving Systems of Linear Equations with Python 220

Chapter 4: Material Balances with Chemical Reaction 249

4.1 Stoichiometry 250
4.2 Terminology for Reaction Systems 259
4.3 Species Mole Balances 272
4.4 Element Material Balances 292
4.5 Material Balances for Combustion Systems 300

Chapter 5: Material Balances for Multiunit Processes 337

5.1 Preliminary Concepts 338
5.2 Sequential Multiunit Systems 341
5.3 Recycle Systems 364
5.4 Bypass and Purge 381
5.5 The Industrial Application of Material Balances 391

Part III: Gases, Vapors, and Liquids 425


Chapter 6: Ideal and Real Gases 427

6.1 Ideal Gases 429
6.2 Real Gases: Equations of State 446
6.3 Real Gases: Compressibility Charts 460
6.4 Real Gas Mixtures 468

Chapter 7: Multiphase Equilibrium 497

7.1 Introduction 497
7.2 Phase Diagrams and the Phase Rule 499
7.3 Single-Component Two-Phase Systems (Vapor Pressure) 511
7.4 Two-Component Gas/Single-Component Liquid Systems 528
7.5 Two-Component Gas/Two-Component Liquid Systems 547
7.6 Multicomponent Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium 560

Part IV: Energy Balances 583


Chapter 8: Energy Balances without Reaction 585

8.1 Terminology Associated with Energy Balances 588
8.2 Overview of Types of Energy and Energy Balances 593
8.3 Energy Balances for Closed, Unsteady-State Systems 598
8.4 Energy Balances for Open, Steady-State Systems 621
8.5 Mechanical Energy Balances 651
8.6 Energy Balances for Special Cases 664

Chapter 9: Energy Balances with Reaction 705

9.1 The Standard Heat (Enthalpy) of Formation 706
9.2 The Heat (Enthalpy) of Reaction 712
9.3 Integration of Heat of Formation and Sensible Heat 724
9.4 The Heat (Enthalpy) of Combustion 750

Part V: Combined Material and Energy Balances 771


Chapter 10: Humidity (Psychrometric) Charts 773

10.1 Terminology 775
10.2 The Humidity (Psychrometric) Chart 779
10.3 Applications of the Humidity Chart 789

Chapter 11: Unsteady-State Material and Energy Balances 805

11.1 Unsteady-State Balances 807
11.2 Numerical Integration of ODEs 814
11.3 Examples 823

Supplemental online materials:

Chapter 12: Heats of Solution and Mixing 849
Chapter 13: Liquids and Gases in Equilibrium with Solids 869
Chapter 14: Solving Material and Energy Balances Using Process Simulators (Flowsheeting Codes) 881

Part VI: Supplementary Material--Appendixes 913


Appendix A: Atomic Weights and Numbers 917
Appendix B: Tables of the Pitzer Z^0 and Z^1 Factors 918
Appendix C: Heats of Formation and Combustion 923
Appendix D: Answers to Selected Problems 927

Supplemental online materials:

Appendix E: Physical Properties of Various Organic and Inorganic Substances 932
Appendix F: Heat Capacity Equations 944
Appendix G: Vapor Pressures 948
Appendix H: Heats of Solution and Dilution 949
Appendix I: Enthalpy-Concentration Data 950
Appendix J: Thermodynamic Charts 957
Appendix K: Physical Properties of Petroleum Fractions 964
Appendix L: Solution of Sets of Equations 973
Appendix M: Fitting Functions to Data 995

Index 999